How to Register as an Amazon Bazaar Seller in 2025

Difference Between Excise Duty and Custom Duty: A Comprehensive Comparison

Excise and customs duties are two important forms of taxation in a country. One is related to internal trade, while the latter is associated with international trade. They play a key role in regulating trade and revenue generation for a country. However, the distinction between them is often misunderstood. Knowing the difference between excise duty and custom duty is imperative. It helps businesses remain compliant with tax laws, manage costs effectively, and align their operations with regulatory requirements. What is Excise Duty? Excise duty is a tax applicable to manufacturing, selling, or consuming specific products and services within a country. Excise duty is in the purview of end consumers. Instead, manufacturers and respective service providers are bound to pay it. However, it can impact end consumers through product price increases. Alcoholic products, fuel, tobacco, wine, and gambling services typically come under excise duty. The government uses the tax accrued to fund various public services and projects, underscoring the importance of excise duty. When it comes to the rules and regulations, each country can have its own. What is Custom Duty? You might be familiar with tariffs or import duties. That’s exactly the customs duty, which relates to foreign trade mostly. It is the tax levied on goods or services imported into a country by an industry or an individual. Every country will have its own rules for customs duty designed to regulate international trade, protect domestic industries, and generate revenue for the government. Ultimately, the importance of custom duty also lies in funding the government to develop public projects and services in a country. Difference Between Excise Duty and Custom Duty AspectExcise DutyCustoms DutyDefinitionTax imposed on the production or sale of goods within a country.Tax levied on goods imported into a country.ScopeApplicable to goods manufactured and sold domestically.Applicable to goods entering the country through import.Point of LevyCharged at the manufacturing or production stage.Charged at the point of entry at customs checkpoints.PurposeTo generate revenue and regulate domestic industries.To generate revenue, protect local industries, and manage trade policies.Collection AuthorityCollected by government agencies from manufacturers or producers.Collected by customs authorities from importers.Calculation BasisIt can be ad valorem (percentage of value), specific (fixed amount per unit), or compound.Based on customs valuation, duty rates, and international trade agreements.Goods AffectedApplicable to domestically produced goods and services.Applicable only to imported goods.Rate DeterminantsRates depend on the type of goods or services.Rates depend on HSN codes, the origin of goods, and trade agreements.Additional ChargesMay include excise cess, surcharge, or other levies.It may include anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, or safeguard measures.Exemptions/RebatesExemptions or rebates may apply to essential goods, exports, or specific industries.Exemptions may apply under free trade agreements or special economic zones.Compliance ResponsibilityManufacturers, producers, and service providers must comply with excise regulations.Importers must declare goods and comply with customs procedures.Impact on PricingInfluences the cost of domestically produced goods and services.Directly affects the cost of imported goods.Effect on International TradeDoes not usually impact international trade directly.Impacts trade by influencing import costs and promoting protectionist measures.Documentation RequiredExcise registration, invoices, and tax returns.Import/export documentation, bill of entry, and customs declarations.Refund ProvisionsRefunds may be available for exports or under special schemes.Refunds may be available for overpaid duties or under certain trade agreements. Importance of Excise Duty vs Custom Duty We must understand that the objectives of custom duty and excise duty are not just about taxation. They have a lot to contribute towards a country's economic and social development. FactorImportance of Excise DutyImportance of Custom DutyRevenue GenerationRaises funds from goods produced domestically.Generates revenue from imported goods.Support for IndustriesIt helps local industries by regulating domestic production.Protects domestic industries by taxing imports.Control on GoodsRegulates harmful or luxury goods like tobacco and alcohol.Ensures quality and legality of imported goods.Economic StabilityIt helps manage inflation by taxing non-essential domestic goods.Balances trade by controlling import costs.Public Services FundingFunds government programs like education and healthcare.Supports border security and trade infrastructure.Environmental ImpactDiscourages production of harmful goods through higher taxes.Discourages import of environmentally damaging goods.Trade PolicyLimited direct impact but influences domestic markets.Implements trade policies like tariffs and free trade agreements. Types of Excise Duty & Calculation There are different types of Excise duties based on their application and purpose. Basic Excise Duty: A standard duty applied to most goods manufactured within the country. For example, excise duty on the production of smartphones. Special Excise Duty: An additional duty imposed on specific goods, often for regulatory or revenue purposes. For example, on tobacco products. Additional Excise Duty: Charged on items such as luxury goods or non-essential commodities. For example, additional excise duty on high-end cars. Education Cess on Excise Duty: A small percentage of the excise duty is added to fund educational programs and initiatives, for example, on electronics. National Calamity Contingent Duty (NCCD): A duty levied to support disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts. NCCD imposed for funding rehabilitation in disaster-affected regions. Calculating Excise Duty Excise duty is calculated based on the value or quantity of goods manufactured within a country. It involves specific formulas and depends on the type of goods, their classification, and applicable tax rates. Ad Valorem Basis Excise duty is calculated as a percentage of the assessable value of goods. Formula: Excise Duty = Assessable Value × Applicable Excise Duty Rate Example: If the assessable value of a product is ₹1,000 and the excise duty rate is 10%, the duty is ₹100. Specific Basis A fixed amount is charged per unit of goods, regardless of their value. Formula: Excise Duty = Quantity Produced × Duty Per Unit Example: If the duty is ₹5 per litre and 1,000 litres are produced, the excise duty is ₹5,000. Compound Basis A combination of ad valorem and specific rates is applied. Formula: Excise Duty = (Assessable Value × Rate) + (Quantity × Fixed Duty) Types of Custom Duty & Calculation Basic Customs Duty: The standard tax imposed on goods imported into a country, calculated based on their value. Example: Duty on imported electronic devices. Countervailing Duty (CVD): Aimed at neutralising subsidies provided by the exporting country, this duty ensures fair competition for domestic industries. Example: CVD on imported subsidised steel. Special Additional Duty (SAD): An extra layer of tax added to specific imported goods to maintain balance in domestic markets. Example: SAD on luxury items like premium watches. Anti-Dumping Duty: Enforced to prevent imported goods from being sold at unfairly low prices that undercut local businesses. Example: Anti-dumping duty on underpriced imported steel. Safeguard Duty: A temporary measure to protect domestic industries from a sudden surge in imports. Example: Safeguard duty on agricultural imports during high domestic production. Preferential Duty: Lower or waived duties applied to imports from countries under special trade agreements. Example: Reduced tariffs on goods from free trade partners. Protective Duty: Designed to support emerging domestic industries by discouraging foreign competition. Example: Duty on imported solar panels to boost local manufacturing. Education Cess: An additional charge on customs duties allocated to funding educational initiatives. Example: Cess applied to imported educational materials. Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST): A unified tax replacing multiple levies, applicable on imported goods. Example: IGST on machinery brought into the country. How to Calculate Custom Duty? Customs duty is calculated based on the assessable value of imported goods and the applicable duty rates. Here's the process: Determine the Assessable Value The assessable value includes: Cost of Goods (FOB Value): Price paid for the goods. Freight Charges: Cost to transport goods to the importing country. Insurance Charges: Cost of insuring the goods during transit. Assessable Value = FOB Value + Freight + Insurance Apply Basic Customs Duty (BCD) Calculate the duty using the assessable value and the BCD rate. Basic Customs Duty = Assessable Value × BCD Rate Add Additional Duties Include applicable duties such as: Countervailing Duty (CVD): Levied to offset subsidies. Special Additional Duty (SAD): Imposed on specific goods. Anti-Dumping or Safeguard Duty: Applied in specific scenarios. Calculate Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) IGST is calculated on the total of assessable value, BCD, and other duties.IGST = (Assessable Value + BCD + Other Duties) × IGST Rate Add Other Charges Include charges like Education Cess or specific duties based on the nature of the goods. Calculation FOB Value: ₹1,00,000 Freight: ₹10,000 Insurance: ₹5,000 BCD Rate: 10% IGST Rate: 18% Assessable Value = ₹1,00,000 + ₹10,000 + ₹5,000 = ₹1,15,000BCD = ₹1,15,000 × 10% = ₹11,500IGST = (₹1,15,000 + ₹11,500) × 18% = ₹22,770Total Customs Duty = ₹11,500 + ₹22,770 = ₹34,270 Customs duty calculations can vary based on agreements, exemptions, and special duties. You must always refer to current tariffs and rules prevailing in a country. Related read: Import Duties and Customs Clearance in India for International Brands WareIQ: Powering Fulfillment and Shipping for eCommerce Growth WareIQ is a Y-Combinator-backed eCommerce full-stack platform offering multi-channel fulfilment for D2C, marketplaces, quick commerce, and B2B businesses. The Advantage of WareIQ Pan-India Fulfillment Network: Seller Flex and FAssured compliant centres across 12+ cities with last-mile delivery to 27,000+ pin codes. Tech-Enabled Solutions: AI-led inventory planning, plug-and-play integrations for multi-channel fulfilment, and returns QC to eliminate marketplace claims rejections. Quick Commerce Support: Regional inventory placement and timely dispatch to platforms like Blinkit, Zepto, and Instamart. Premium Seller Enablement: Rapid marketplace launches with operational and compliance support for cataloguing, GST registration, and APOB approvals. Smart Shipping: Minimized RTOs, precise delivery options, and branded tracking for an enhanced customer experience. With WareIQ, businesses can streamline operations, reduce costs, and scale efficiently in the competitive eCommerce landscape. Closure Exploring the difference between excise duty and custom duty is non-negotiable for businesses. But managing them efficiently is equally important. B2B companies, particularly manufacturers and importers, should invest in robust compliance tools and partner with reliable logistics providers to streamline tax processes. Allow for regular audits and stay updated on regulatory changes to prevent penalties and optimise cost management. Onboarding expert advice promises your operations to align with tax laws. After all, sustainable growth in a competitive marketplace is the need of hour. Suggested read: Vendor vs Supplier Key Differences and Their Impact on Supply Chain Management FAQs What is the custom duty rate in India?The peak customs duty rate in India is currently around 10%, representing the highest basic duty applied to the majority of imported goods. Additionally, a Social Welfare Surcharge of 10% is levied on the value of goods. It further contributes to the overall import cost for businesses.What are the types of customs duty in GST?At present, under GST in India, some customs duties are included in IGST. They are Countervailing Duty (CVD) and Special Additional Duty (SAD). However, Basic Customs Duty (BCD), Anti-Dumping Duty, and Safeguard Duty remain separate and are still applied on imports.What is the primary difference between excise duty and customs duty?The primary difference is that excise duty is a tax on goods manufactured within a country, while customs duty is a tax on goods imported into a country from abroad.Is GST applicable on customs duty?Yes, GST is applicable on customs duty in the form of Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST).

February 03, 2025

Commercial Invoice: Importance, Components, and Best Practices [2025]

A commercial invoice is a legally binding international trade document facilitating smooth imports and exports. The importance of the document can’t be overemphasized. From facilitating regulatory compliance and smooth trade to resolving legal disputes, a commercial invoice has a much more significant role than apparent. While a seller must prioritize preparing a comprehensive commercial invoice, a buyer must insist on obtaining it. Knowing the various components, detailed role, format, etc., is imperative. What is a Commercial Invoice? A commercial invoice is a legal document related to a transaction of goods between sellers and buyers. It is prominently used in international transactions for customs clearance and calculating duties. A commercial invoice for export and import contains all details relevant to a global transaction, including the description of goods, quantity, cost, terms of payment, and shipping-related info. A proforma invoice is provided to the buyer beforehand as an estimate to outline the terms before finalising a sale. In contrast, a commercial invoice is the definitive document once the sale is completed. It is generated when the shipment is ready for delivery or has been delivered. When is it Required? While a commercial invoice is required in many scenarios, it is crucial in international trade. Whenever you’re exporting goods to a foreign country, you need to prepare a commercial invoice for the buyer. If you’re importing goods into your country, the supplier will provide the document. At the time of cross-border shipment, goods need customs clearance. Whether it is sea freight, air or road freight, your goods can’t pass through borders without customs clearance. A proper commercial invoice for export and import is necessary for hassle-less clearance. Any irregularities can lead to delay, penalty or even seizure of goods. In the case of financial record keeping and legal disputes, a commercial invoice is an important part of the documentation. It can resolve any false claims for all the parties involved. Components of a Commercial Invoice The main components of a commercial invoice format are: Details of the goods in the shipment: Quantity Weight Value of goods Information related to the buyer and seller of goods including name, address, tax information, and contact details. Mode of payment and delivery of goods. Country of origin Mode of transport. Destination country, export route. IEC Code and GSTIN (Tax ID and exporter’s registration ID) Related information to obey legal and regulatory compliance. Role of a Commercial Invoice A commercial invoice contains essential information about goods and pricing terms. However, it also has a significant role in enforcing and safeguarding the interests of all stakeholders. Proof of Transaction Foremost, a commercial invoice is proof of a transaction between a seller and buyer. It is formatted to be a legally enforceable document, divulging all information related to a sale's quantity, cost, and conditions. It can be effectively used to resolve any disputes or legal lawsuits. Documentation Commercial invoices in shipping are an integral part of the documentation in import and export transactions, containing every relevant detail. Customs Clearance When importing goods into a country, obtaining customs clearance is impossible without a proper commercial invoice in shipping. Your goods may be delayed, fined, or even seized if this document is ambiguous. On the other hand, it allows them to check the contents of the shipment, and calculate duty and taxes as per the local laws and regulations. Proof of Payment At its simplest, a commercial invoice is the proof of payment between a seller and buyer. A buyer must keep it until the relevance of a transaction is no longer helpful. Sellers can also use it to remind buyers about payment dues, facilitating smooth customer relationships. Regulatory Compliance When goods are under domestic transportation or crossing borders, they must follow specific trade laws and regulations. In the case of international shipments, foreign trade laws and regulations could involve many nuances. A commercial invoice, in both instances, contains all the information related to regulatory compliance. It assures authorities that trade is happening lawfully and procedurally. Fraud Protection By virtue of having every transaction detail on record, commercial invoices prevent misunderstandings and fraudulent claims by all stakeholders involved. Whether it is about the type, cost, or condition of goods or a change of transaction, there’s always reliable, documented information to serve as insurance against false claims. Suggested read: Return Fraud Prevention A Commercial Invoice Format A well-structured commercial invoice in shipping is essential for smooth business operations, especially in international trade. Here’s what a sample commercial invoice format should include: Header Section Company Name and Logo: Clearly display your business identity. Invoice Title: Label the document as "Commercial Invoice." Invoice Number: Assign a unique reference number for easy tracking. Date: Include the date the invoice is issued. Seller and Buyer Details Exporter Information: Include the name, address, and contact details of the seller/exporter. Importer Information: Provide the buyer’s details, including their full name, address, and contact information. Tax Identification Numbers: Add relevant tax IDs (if required). Shipment Details Consignee Information: Mention the recipient of the goods if different from the buyer. Shipping Method: State the mode of transport (air, sea, road, or rail). Port of Loading and Discharge: Specify the origin and destination ports. Delivery Terms: Include Incoterms (e.g., FOB, CIF, EXW) to define responsibilities. Description of Goods Item Details: Provide a detailed description of the goods, including quantity, weight, and unit price. HS Code: Include the Harmonized System Code for customs classification. Total Value: State the total value of the goods in the agreed currency. Payment Terms Payment Method: Specify the agreed method of payment (e.g., bank transfer, letter of credit). Due Date: Mention the payment deadline, if applicable. Additional Information Reference Numbers: Include purchase order or contract numbers, if relevant. Declaration Statement: Add a statement certifying the accuracy of the information provided. Signature: Include the exporter’s signature for authenticity. Footer Section Company Footer Details: Provide contact details, company registration number, and any disclaimers or terms. Bank Information: If payment is pending, include bank account details for remittance. Difference Between Commercial Invoice and Tax Invoice AspectCommercial InvoiceTax InvoicePurposeUsed for recording sales, mainly in international trade.Used for documenting tax-related transactions.UsageThis is for customs clearance and export/import processes.For domestic transactions and tax compliance.Details IncludedBuyer and seller info, goods description, and price.Includes tax details, buyer and seller info, and invoice number.Tax InformationDoes not show a tax breakdown.Specifies taxes charged and tax rates.Legal RequirementRequired for customs and international shipping.Required by tax authorities to ensure compliance.Record-KeepingTracks sales and inventory for accounting.Maintains tax records and helps claim input tax credits.ApplicabilityPrimarily for international transactions.Mainly for domestic transactions with taxes.ComplianceMeets trade regulations.Ensures adherence to tax laws. Best Practices to Follow Following the best practices to create a commercial invoice for export and import is non-negotiable. Remember the below aspects, when creating the document. Maintain Accuracy: When creating a commercial invoice, double-check all details, including product descriptions, quantities, and prices. Match the information with purchase orders and shipping documents to avoid discrepancies. Use Clear and Consistent Formatting: Keep the layout simple and professional to make a commercial invoice readable. Use consistent fonts, spacing, and alignment to make the document look polished. Include Complete Information: Provide all necessary details, including buyer and seller information, shipping terms, and payment details. A Harmonized System (HS) code for customs classification must be distinct. Align with Regulatory Requirements: Ensure the invoice complies with the laws and regulations of the exporting and importing countries. Include any mandatory declarations, tax IDs, and certifications required for customs clearance. Specify Delivery and Payment Terms: Clearly outline Incoterms to define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers. Include payment terms and due dates to avoid misunderstandings. Use Technology: Use invoicing software to automate the process and minimise errors. Save and share digital copies in universally accepted formats like PDF. Maintain Professionalism: Use your company’s logo and branding to reflect your identity. Ensure the document is free of typos and grammatical errors. Provide Contact Information: Include contact details for the buyer and seller to facilitate communication. Add customer service or support information also. Retain Records: Keep copies of all commercial invoices for tax filing, audits, and future reference. Organise invoices systematically to streamline your accounting processes. Stay Updated: Regularly review and update your commercial invoice template to comply with changing regulations. Stay informed about the latest trade requirements and industry standards. Also check - WareIQ Standard Operating Procedure for Inventory Management Excellence WareIQ: Redefining Fulfillment and Shipping WareIQ is a Y-Combinator-backed eCommerce platform offering end-to-end fulfilment solutions across D2C, marketplaces, and B2B channels. With a pan-India network of fulfilment centres in 12+ cities, WareIQ ensures seamless operations. We provide compliance with Seller Flex, FAssured, and other marketplace requirements. Our platform integrates with marketplaces (Amazon, Flipkart), D2C platforms (Shopify, Magento), and ERPs, enabling multi-channel fulfilment and AI-led inventory management to reduce stockouts. WareIQ’s innovative shipping solutions minimise RTOs and provide next-day delivery options. All this in a cost-effective and reliable manner. Simplify your eCommerce logistics with WareIQ’s tech-driven solutions for inventory planning, returns management, and seller enablement. It is tailored to elevate your business. Conclusion A well-prepared commercial invoice does more than ensure regulatory compliance; it streamlines trade transactions by fostering trust and transparency. Beyond the basics, consider integrating digital solutions like blockchain-based invoicing for added security and traceability in international trade. Automating invoicing processes with AI tools can reduce human error and speed up operations. A focus on innovation in invoicing improves efficiency. However, it also strengthens partnerships and enhances customer satisfaction in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. FAQs What is the difference between a commercial invoice and a tax invoice?A commercial invoice is a seller's bill detailing the value of imported goods for customers. A tax invoice specifies the amount charged for goods or services issued by registered dealers or service tax providers for tax purposes.What is a commercial invoice for customs?A commercial invoice for customs is a legal document proving a sale transaction between a buyer and seller. It is used for customs clearance and helps assess duties and taxes payable on imported goods.What is the need for a commercial invoice?A general commercial invoice is important for customs clearance. It acts as proof of transaction and supports financial accounting. By documenting key details of the sale, it ensures compliance with trade laws and protects against fraud.Who issues a commercial invoice?A commercial invoice is issued by the seller or exporter of goods. The end consumer can use it as an evidence document for future reference.

January 31, 2025

How to Register as an Amazon Bazaar Seller in 2025: A Step-by-Step Guide

Why Sell on Amazon Bazaar?

Step-by-Step Guide to Register as an Amazon Bazaar Seller

1. Prepare the Required Documents

2. Create an Amazon Seller Account

3. Set Up Your Profile

4. Verify Your Account

5. Launch Your Store

Tips for Success on Amazon Bazaar

WareIQ: Your Partner in eCommerce Fulfillment

Conclusion

Harsh Vaidya