ISPS Code: Ensuring Safety in Global Maritime Transport

Technological advancements also bear higher threats when it comes to the shipping industry, primarily cyber-attacks that can paralyse even a shipping giant. Likewise, rogue vessels can pose a threat to critical undersea infrastructure. These risks require a robust maritime security structure to be in place. In 2023 alone, the shipping industry faced approximately 64 cyber attacks, which were partially attributed to geopolitical tensions. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has established a comprehensive framework following the 9/11 attacks to safeguard ships and port facilities. This framework is known as the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The shipping industry must comply with the ISPS code to maintain maritime safety on a global level. It is essential to understand what the structure is and its objectives.

This article explains the ISPS code, including its structure, objectives, and significance in the modern yet complex maritime landscape.

What is the ISPS Code?

The ISPS full form in shipping is the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) introduced and developed the code. As of July 1, 2004, it became a mandatory requirement to be followed under the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention.

The ISPS code provides a standardised framework for evaluating and managing risks in maritime security. The code outlines the scope and responsibilities of port facilities, crew members, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and the government in detecting and preventing security threats.

Under the ISPS codes, all ports and ships must have contingency plans in place for emergencies, which will help reduce the likelihood of threats. The code also enables the government to prevent terror attacks faced by maritime organisations. 

Structure of the ISPS Code

The ISPS code guidelines are structured into two parts. Part A and Part B. Both parts are explained below:

PART A: Mandatory Requirements

Various sections under part A of the ISPS codes are;

• Both ships and port facilities are to conduct security assessments to identify potential security threats. Both entities must also develop necessary measures in the event of a security threat.
• Based on the security assessments, ships and ports must have security plans that the flag state should approve.
• Ships and ports must have security officers responsible for the security plans. Ships must have a designated Ship Security Officer responsible for ensuring the onboard security. Additionally, every shipping company must have a security officer responsible for ensuring the fleet’s security and compliance with the ISPS Code. Also, every facility needs to have a Port Facility Security Officer responsible for implementing and maintaining the security and safety of the port.
• The ISPS Code also outlines various measures and procedures for different security levels. Certain security measures and procedures under the ISPS code include access control, monitoring of the facility perimeter, control of a ship, and methods for handling cargo and ship stores.

PART B: Compliance Guidelines

Here are the comprehensive guidelines as per part B, which are essential for the implementation of part A:

• Part B provides guidelines and best practices for training security personnel, including SSO (ship security officer), CSO (company security officer), and PFSO (port facility security officer).
• Part B also outlines security procedures that can be implemented at different ISPS security levels.
• The section explains steps which are necessary to conduct an assessment to ensure complete security. Moreover, it features a checklist that helps in developing security response plans.

Objectives of the ISPS Code

The ISPS code was introduced as a safety net for the maritime sector, especially in response to incidents such as 9/11. The objectives of the ISPS code are explained below:

• The primary objective is to establish a standard framework on a global level that aims to evaluate and manage risks. It is similar to how organisations streamline their logistics operations to handle any disruptions and ensure complete efficiency.
• Another objective of the ISPS code is to prevent any incident from occurring. This can be achieved through risk assessment, alert levels, and surveillance systems, which can help reduce privacy violations, terrorism, and smuggling.
• To ensure that each stakeholder, such as the ship’s security officer, has been assigned a duty. This segregation of duty shows effectiveness.
• Ensuring that ships and ports adhere to ISPS codes will ensure a smooth clearance process, which will also help reduce downtime.
• Another objective is to make sure the ships and ports are safe and secure, leading to the facilitation of global trade.

Significance of the ISPS Code: Why Does It Matter?

Given the fact that over 80% of world trade is via sea. It is crucial to have a centralised maritime security protocol. Here is why the ISPS code is of significance when it comes to global trade:

• The ISPS code safeguards the global trade infrastructure, as even a single breach can cause economic chaos and disrupt a global supply chain. The code functions like a firewall, protecting global trade.
• As the ISPS code mandates constant surveillance, security rules, and security evaluations, it ensures that goods are protected against both theft and damage.
• Considering the different levels of security under the ISPS code, it also helps prevent weapons and drug trafficking and illegal immigration, as well as potential terrorist entry via sea routes.
• The ISPS also mandates regular training and security drills that help the maritime staff develop a security-first mindset, which is essential for reducing human errors in the security of ships and ports. 

Related read – IMDG Code: What It Is and Why It’s Vital for Dangerous Goods

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Conclusion

Today, the world relies on secure and seamless logistics for everyday essentials, including medical supplies, daily necessities, and more. The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) is a protector behind the scenes. It is significant in ensuring that global trade doesn’t fall victim to threats beneath the surface of the sea, whether it is cyberattacks, smuggling, or even terrorism. The ISPS code sets clear guidelines and enforces standard procedures while fostering international collaboration and facilitating safe and secure global trade. It is, therefore, essential for ships, ports, shipping companies, and government authorities to understand and adhere to the ISPS Code.

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FAQs About The ISPS Code

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