Certificate of Origin: Why It’s Crucial for International Trade

Published on September 18, 2025

• 7 min read

A Certificate of Origin is an important commercial document which plays a vital role in international trade. It states the country where the goods in the shipment are obtained, produced, processed and manufactured. Besides the information about the goods in a consignment, the certificate is also essential to determine if the goods comply with the trade agreements. It also helps in customs clearance processes, as it informs customer authorities about the correct imposition of taxes. As per a study by WCO, the Certificate of Origin can be digitised in the future. It thus becomes essential to know the intricacies of the Certificate of Origin.

In this article, we will learn the definition of a Certificate of Origin, the types of Certificates of Origin, the process of obtaining a Certificate of Origin, and other important aspects.

Table Of Contents

What Is a Certificate of Origin?
Significance of a Certificate of Origin in International Trade
Different Types of Certificate of Origin
Who Issues A Certificate of Origin?
How To Get a Certificate of Origin?
With WareIQ, Get Seamless Customer Clearance
Conclusion
FAQs About Certificate of Origin

What Is a Certificate of Origin?

When it comes to the meaning of Certificate of Origin, it is the document used in international trade. It verifies the origin of the goods being exported and is critical for determining which taxes will be levied according to trade agreements. It is also known as the country of origin certificate.

Some of the details that are mentioned on the Certificate of Origin are:

Name and the address of the exporter
Manufacturer Details
Description of the product
The country of origin
Quantity and weight of the product
Importer details
HSN code
Modes of transportation
Invoice number
Digital signature
Verification from the issuing authority

Significance of a Certificate of Origin in International Trade

Since the Certificate of Origin for export contains all the details about a shipment, it plays a pivotal role in international trade. Below is the list of the importance of the COO:

It ensures smooth transit of goods across the borders by providing all the necessary information about the shipment to the customs authorities.
The Certificate of Origin ensures compliance with international tax and trade regulations, allowing companies to benefit from favourable international trade conditions.
The tax rate and tariff applicable to the exported goods are decided based on the Certificate of Origin. This document is detrimental and helps determine trade measures to be taken on the exported goods.
Some countries can qualify for preferential treatment, and a COO can be a deciding factor in whether they receive preferential treatment or not. It also helps avoid duties under different trade agreements.
It also helps access the international market, where the Certificate of Origin is mandatory.
A Certificate of Origin helps maintain accurate statistics and records for economic analysis.
It serves as a critical document in resolving disputes relating to the origin of goods between countries.

Different Types of Certificate of Origin

There are two categories of Certificate of Origin, and they are explained below:

Non-Preferential Certificate of Origin

It is an ordinary certificate that contains information about the exporter and other important details about the shipment. These details signify that the shipment of goods is not qualified for preferential treatment under a trade agreement. Hence, the exporting country must pay the normal tariffs and taxes as per the agreement.

Preferential Certificate of Origin

As the name suggests, preferential COO indicates that the type of goods shipped by the exporter can avail of preferential treatment under the trade agreement. With the preferential COO, the exporter can get reduced tariffs and certain exemptions under the free trade agreements.

For example, exports between Mexico, the United States, and Canada are provided with exemptions under the USMCA free trade agreement. When trade occurs between these countries, a preferential Certificate of Origin is required. However, in some cases, a bill of lading or commercial invoice can also suffice.

Who Issues A Certificate of Origin?

The Chamber of Commerce primarily issues Certificates of Origin, but certain government agencies and trade associations also have the authority to do so.

However, the DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade) or the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry should authorise the issuing body.

How To Get a Certificate of Origin?

Obtaining a COO requires several steps, which are mentioned below:

Check Eligibility

The first step in obtaining a Certificate of Origin is to check if the products you are exporting are eligible for application according to the importing country’s trade regulations and agreements.

Collate Documents

Once you know you are eligible, the next step is to gather the documents required to obtain the COO. Some of the documents/information that you would need include:

Duly filled COO form
Invoice
Packing list
Bill of lading
Cover letter
Product Description
IEC Code
Digital signature certificate
Purchase order from the importer
Shipping bill
Cover letter

Application

Complete the Certificate of Origin application form and attach the required documents. Then, submit it to an authorised body that issues the COO.

COO Type Selection

Based on the trade agreements with the importer’s country, select whether it will be a Preferential COO or a non-preferential COO.

Verification

The authorised body will conduct verification to check the authenticity of the submitted documents and the origin of the goods. Further enquiries or inspections might be necessary.

Payment of Fees

Once the inspection is satisfactorily completed, you can pay the fee. After the payment, the authorities will issue the COO.

You can now include the COO with the shipping documents for smooth customs clearance. Also, if the customer authorities have any further requirements, you can coordinate with the issuing authority for next steps. This can also be done in case of discrepancies.

Also read – MSDS Certificate: Essential Guide for Safety and Compliance in India

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Conclusion

A Certificate of Origin (COO) is one of the key documents when an exporter exports goods to another country. It is essential for a smooth customer clearance process and compliance with trade regulations, and it also helps in availing of application tariff exemptions, if any. Whether the goods are being exported to a country with which the country of origin has a Free Trade Agreement or not, a COO is necessary. Depending on the destination country, an exporter can choose a preferential Certificate of Origin (COO) or a non-preferential one. A DGFT-authorised body can issue a COO; hence, it is necessary to submit proper documents to the issuing body to receive a COO.

FAQs About Certificate of Origin

What is the Certificate of Origin used for?

A Certificate of Origin (COO) helps verify the country of origin for exported goods. It is also a necessary document for knowing the applicable tariff rates and maintaining compliance with trade regulations.

Can a Certificate of Origin be availed online?

Yes, it can be availed of electronically. The process to obtain a COO has to be completed online.

What is the difference between a Preferential COO and a Non-preferential COO?

Preferential COOs are COOs that certify that the goods being exported qualify for reduced tariff rates as per trade agreements. On the other hand, Non-preferential COOs are ordinary COOs which certify that goods do not qualify for reduced tariffs.

What details are present on the COO?

The Certificate of Origin contains details about the manufacturer, the exporter, the importer, a product description, the weight and quantity of goods, the country of origin, a commercial invoice, and shipping details.

Who issues a Certificate of Origin?

A Certificate of Origin is issued by bodies authorised by the DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade). In India, the COO is authorised and issued by the Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the Trade Promotion Council of India (TPCI).

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Author

Mariyam Jameela

Mariyam Jameela works as a content writer at WareIQ. With a proven track record of working with renowned brands such as GO Digit, Urban Ladder, Juspay, Hong's Kitchen, and many more. She actively contributes to the creation of blog posts centered on eCommerce operations, fulfillment, and shipping, in addition to providing insights on various strategies and techniques tailored for eCommerce sellers

Read all of Mariyam Jameela's Posts

ETD Full Form: What Does ETD Mean in Shipping?

To ensure a more streamlined shipping and logistics operation, it is necessary to understand the multiple acronyms that are most commonly used. One such acronym is ETD, the full form for which is Estimated Time of Departure. This term refers to the projected timeline for when a shipment will leave the port or its origin point. Businesses must understand the ETD concept, whether it involves stakeholders across the supply chain or manufacturers, as it can help with better planning, coordination, and efficient resource allocation. In this article, we will understand what ETD means in shipping, the factors that affect it, and its significance. What Is ETD in shipping? ETD's full form in shipping is estimated time of departure. It is commonly used in the shipping and logistics industry to define the anticipated time and date of departure from the point of origin, specifically for the Estimated Time of Departure (ETD). The point of origin could be a port, a distribution centre, or even a warehouse. Knowing the estimate is essential, as it can help streamline transportation, inventory management, scheduling, and customer communication. ETD does not represent the actual time of departure. The Actual Time of Departure (ATD) can be the same as the Estimated Time of Departure (ETD), or it can vary depending on factors such as load readiness, shipping conditions, pending compliances, and more. ETD is also essential, as it can help in providing customers with an estimated delivery timeline. As 90% of customers expect a two- to three-day delivery time, ETD can help customers to know when to expect the delivery. Factors influencing ETD Since ETD is an estimate, several factors can create fluctuations in the timeline. Below are some variables which can have an impact on the accuracy and correctness of ETD: Port Congestion Conditions at the port are never the same, and port traffic will always vary from time to time. Hence, it is one of the key factors that can impact the ETD. High traffic density at the port can substantially increase the waiting time for vessels to depart, fluctuating the ETD. Weather Conditions Although weather conditions can be forecasted, they are not 100% reliable, and unexpected scenarios can still occur, causing delays in loading and vessel departure schedules. Custom Clearance Customs clearance involves a lot of paperwork, documentation, and inspections before the vessel is cleared for departure from the port. Delays with documentation or inspections can impact the ETD. Mechanical Concerns Mechanical issues can also delay a vessel's departure time. Equipment failure can cause disturbances during loading and the ship's departure. Labour Strikes Even with all the documentation on time and no mechanical issues, the vessel's departure can be delayed if there is an unexpected labour strike. Such situations can disrupt port operations and schedules. Why Is Understanding ETD in Shipping Important? ETD is more important than just checking a box on a form. Let us look at how ETD is crucial to know in shipping: Accurate ETD is important for logistics providers to plan transport routes, allocate resources, and schedule labour more effectively. Whether manufacturers or retailers, they rely on accurate information about the ETD to ensure that stock levels are in order. Knowing the accurate ETD will also help with timely stock replenishment, which helps avoid overstocking and stockouts. Accurate ETD information is highly beneficial for aligning operations in a supply chain. With accurate ETD, organisations can minimise delays, efficiently reduce storage costs, and optimise all supply chain operations. Lastly, accurate ETD is essential for transparency and building customer trust. When a company can provide accurate ETD to customers, it will improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. How Is the Estimated Time of Departure Calculated? Calculation of the Estimated Time of Departure (ETD) can be done considering the following factors: The schedule of the vessel. Any planned halts, either for bunkering or maintenance. Traffic density at the port Equipment availability for loading Current and expected weather conditions at the point of origin and the route. Condition of the ship (if any maintenance is required) Availability of labour. How Is the Actual Time of Departure Different From the Estimated Departure Time? ETD is the estimated or predicted time at which the vessel is expected to depart, depending upon various conditions such as traffic at the port, the condition of the ship, the condition of the load, etc. On the other hand, the actual departure time is when a ship or vessel has departed the port. If everything goes as planned, the ETD and ATD can be the same, too. Does ETD Also Stand for Estimated Time of Delivery? Yes, ETD meaning in business can also refer to the estimated time of delivery. However, in shipping and logistics, ETD is often referred to as the Estimated Time of Departure. When an organisation expects a shipment, it uses ETD as the Estimated Departure Time to calculate the Arrival Time (ETA). ETD is referred to as Estimated Time of Delivery for consumer-centric shipments. In this case, the ETD is provided to the end customer so they can understand when to expect product delivery. Track Shipment Accurately With Shipping Solutions From WareIQ WareIQ is a Y-Combinator-backed eCommerce full-stack platform offering multi-channel fulfillment across D2C, Marketplaces, Quick Commerce, and B2B (General Trade & Modern Trade) Our solution offers: Pan-India network of Seller Flex & FAssured compliant across 12+ cities operated by WareIQ and shipping partners for last-mile delivery across 27000+ pin codes Multi-channel fulfilment platform with plug-and-play integrations across marketplaces (Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Nykaa, etc.), D2C platforms (Shopify, Magento, WooCommerce, etc.), WMS, and ERPs to support fulfilment across distributors, flagship stores, and eCommerce channels with analytics capabilities to assess operational performance. Inventory Logiq AI-led multi-channel inventory planning solution to minimise stockouts and automate replenishment Leverage a tech-enabled returns QC solution to capture, centrally store, and auto-index HD media evidence of damaged or missing returned products and eliminate marketplace claims rejections. A host of seller enablement and support – dedicated account manager, APOB/PPOB registrations, GST registration, NDR & COD verification, etc. Conclusion ETD, the Estimated Time of Departure, is vital information for efficient shipping operations. When a business understands its significance and the factors that influence it, it can take better steps to improve the overall planning of supply chain operations. It's not just about tracking departure times. It's more about using the insight to develop better strategies, make better decisions, foster stakeholder collaboration, and deliver superior value to customers. FAQS About ETD (Estimated Time of Delivery) Does ETD impact shipping costs?Yes, delays in ETD can increase storage fees and shipping costs.Who provides ETD information?The carrier or logistics provider is responsible for providing details of ETD information to both the consignee and the shipper.Can ETD be used for all modes of transportation?The acronym ETD is used in shipping and logistics and can be applied across all modes of transportation, including sea, air, and road.What factors helped to determine ETD?ETD is determined based on various factors, including documentation processing, loading times, and transportation schedules.Is it possible to mitigate ETD delays?Yes, mitigating ETD days is possible if the shipper plans proactively and maintains open communication with carriers. It is also essential for shippers to have a contingency plan in place so that ETD delays can be avoided.

September 17, 2025

Difference Between Packaging and Labelling

In India’s thriving consumer market, where millions shop daily from bustling bazaars to online platforms, the way products are presented can make or break a brand. The difference between packaging and labelling is key for businesses, whether it’s a spice vendor in Varanasi or a cosmetics startup in Bengaluru. While both are crucial for grabbing attention and meeting regulations, they play distinct roles. This blog explores what sets packaging and labelling apart, their benefits and challenges, and how they drive success, with insights tailored for Indian entrepreneurs, students, and retailers. What Is Packaging? Packaging refers to the process of designing and creating a physical container or wrapper for a product. It’s the box, bottle, or bag that holds items like biscuits, shampoo, or spices. In India, where products travel from warehouses in Delhi to rural shops in Assam, packaging ensures protection, ease of handling, and storage. Beyond functionality, packaging is a marketing tool. A vibrant package of mango pickles from a Gujarat brand can catch a shopper’s eye in a crowded Kirana store. Materials like plastic, glass, or cardboard are chosen based on the product’s needs, with sustainability gaining traction as 44% of Indian consumers prefer eco-friendly packaging, according to a 2022 Rakuten Insight survey. What Is Labelling? Labelling involves displaying information on the packaging or product itself. It includes details like the brand name, ingredients, usage instructions, and safety warnings. In India, labelling must comply with regulations like the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, or the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, ensuring consumers in Chennai or Patna get accurate information. Labels guide consumer decisions. For example, a nutritional label on a pack of oats helps a health-conscious buyer in Bengaluru choose wisely. Types of labels include brand labels (e.g., Amul’s logo), descriptive labels (usage instructions), and grade labels (indicating quality). Key Differences Between Packaging and Labelling Understanding the difference between packaging and labelling is essential for businesses to meet consumer needs and regulatory standards. Here’s a clear comparison: AspectPackagingLabellingDefinitionDesigning and creating a physical container or wrapper for a product.Displaying textual and graphical information on the product or its packaging.PurposeProtects the product, facilitates handling, and attracts customers.Provides product details, ensures compliance, and aids consumer decisions.MaterialsUses plastic, glass, metal, or cardboard (e.g., bottles, boxes).Involves printed stickers or direct printing on packaging.FunctionEnsures product safety, storage, and visual appeal.Communicates essential information like ingredients and warnings.Regulatory FocusFocuses on material safety and environmental impact.Requires adherence to strict content accuracy and legal standards.Marketing RoleEnhances brand visibility through design and aesthetics.Builds trust through clear, informative content. Benefits of Packaging and Labelling Both packaging and labelling offer unique advantages that drive product success in India’s competitive market: Packaging Benefits Protection: Prevents damage during transport, like safeguarding fragile glass jars of honey from Himachal Pradesh. Contamination Prevention: Keeps products like milk or spices free from microbes, crucial for India’s diverse climates. Storage Efficiency: Enables easy stacking in warehouses, reducing costs for retailers in Hyderabad. Marketing Appeal: Eye-catching designs, like vibrant tea packets, attract shoppers in crowded markets. Labelling Benefits Consumer Information: Provides details like expiry dates or nutritional info, helping a diabetic customer in Lucknow choose safe products. Regulatory Compliance: Ensures adherence to laws, avoiding penalties for a cosmetics brand in Delhi. Brand Recognition: Logos and slogans on labels, like Dabur’s, build trust across India. Safety: Warns about allergens or hazards, protecting users of medicines in rural Bihar. These benefits make packaging and labelling indispensable for businesses aiming to stand out. Challenges in Packaging and Labelling Despite their importance, packaging and labelling face challenges in India’s dynamic market: Cost Pressures: High-quality, sustainable packaging increases costs for small businesses in Surat. Regulatory Compliance: Navigating complex labelling laws, like FSSAI’s, can be daunting for startups in Pune. Counterfeit Risks: Poor labelling can lead to fake products, impacting brands in crowded markets like Mumbai. Environmental Concerns: Plastic packaging faces scrutiny as India pushes for sustainability, challenging manufacturers in Chennai. Innovations like biodegradable packaging and digital labels are helping address these issues. Suggested - Top Packaging Materials for Safe and Effective Shipping Streamline Your Packaging and Labelling with WareIQ At WareIQ, we empower Indian businesses to excel in packaging and labelling with efficient logistics solutions. Our Y Combinator-backed platform ensures your products are packaged securely and labelled accurately, reaching customers nationwide. Custom Packaging: Offer tailored packaging solutions to protect products and enhance brand appeal. Compliance Support: Ensure labels meet regulatory standards, from FSSAI to legal metrology. Nationwide Reach: Store products in 12+ fulfilment centres, delivering to 27,000+ pin codes. Sustainability Options: Access eco-friendly packaging to align with consumer preferences. With WareIQ, your FMCG brand can deliver professionally packaged and labelled products, delighting customers from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. Conclusion The difference between packaging and labelling lies in their roles: packaging protects and markets the product, while labelling informs and ensures compliance. In India’s vibrant consumer market, both are critical for success, from safeguarding goods to building trust. By understanding these distinctions, businesses can create appealing, compliant products that resonate with customers. With solutions like WareIQ, brands can streamline these processes, ensuring every package and label reflects quality and care. Related - Importance of Packaging: Why It Matters for Your Business Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between packaging and labelling?Packaging involves designing a physical container to protect and market a product, while labelling displays information like ingredients and warnings on the product or packaging.What is the difference between packing and packaging?Packing refers to placing items into a container for transport or storage, while packaging is the broader process of designing and creating the container itself for protection and marketing.What is labelling and packing?Labelling is providing product information on packaging or the product, while packing is the act of placing goods into containers for shipping or storage.What is the difference between a label and a package insert?A label is an information printed or attached to the product/packaging, like ingredients or warnings, while a package insert is a separate document inside the packaging, often with detailed instructions or safety information.

September 16, 2025

The Growth of FMCG Industry in India: Trends and Insights

India’s Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is a powerhouse, contributing significantly to the economy with a market size of $110 billion in 2023, as reported by the India Brand Equity Foundation. From toothpaste to packaged snacks, FMCG products touch every Indian household, driving demand across urban and rural landscapes. For entrepreneurs, students, and small business owners, understanding the growth of the FMCG industry in India offers a window into its potential and challenges. This blog explores the sector’s expansion, emerging trends, and what lies ahead, with relatable insights for readers from metros to small towns. What Defines the FMCG Industry in India? The FMCG industry in India encompasses products that are purchased frequently, consumed quickly, and priced affordably. These include daily essentials like soaps, biscuits, and beverages, as well as healthcare items like over-the-counter medicines. The sector is known for its high sales volumes and widespread distribution, reaching every corner of the country. In India, FMCG is the fourth-largest sector, employing over 3 million people. It thrives on India’s young population, rising incomes, and growing consumer aspirations, making it a vital part of the nation’s economic fabric. How the FMCG Sector in India Is Rapidly Growing The FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods) industry in India is witnessing phenomenal expansion, fuelled by a combination of economic, demographic, and technological factors. Here are the primary growth engines: Graph Source (IBEF) Rising Disposable Incomes: Increasing earnings, especially in rural India, are boosting purchases of branded products. For example, a farmer in Punjab now opts for packaged atta instead of loose grains. Urbanisation: Migration to urban centres like Bengaluru and Ahmedabad drives demand for conveniently packaged goods, including ready-to-eat meals. Digital Revolution: With internet users projected to reach 900 million by 2025, online platforms are revolutionising FMCG sales. A student in Kolkata can now order their favourite snacks online within minutes. Youthful Demographics: With a median age of 27, India’s young population is propelling demand for trendy, innovative FMCG products, from protein bars to advanced skincare appealing to Gen Z and Millennials. Government Support: Initiatives like the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, offering $1.46 billion in incentives, are strengthening domestic manufacturing and boosting exports. As a result, the FMCG sector is expected to grow its revenue by 7-9% in FY25, according to CRISIL, with rural demand leading the surge. Emerging Trends Shaping the FMCG Landscape The FMCG market in India is evolving, influenced by consumer preferences and technology. Here are the top trends redefining the sector: E-Commerce Surge: Online FMCG sales are expected to account for 11% of total sales by 2030, per NielsenIQ. Platforms like Amazon and quick-commerce services like Blinkit are making products accessible nationwide. Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) Growth: Brands like Mamaearth and Sugar reach customers directly online, achieving revenues of $13.4 million in just 4-8 years, compared to decades for traditional brands. Sustainability Focus: Consumers, especially Gen Z, prefer eco-friendly products. Companies like Dabur and Hindustan Unilever have become plastic-neutral, aligning with this shift. Premiumisation: Wealthier consumers are opting for premium products, such as Nescafe Gold coffee or organic skincare, particularly in top cities like Mumbai. Digital Advertising Boom: FMCG brands contribute 42% of India’s $9.92 billion digital ad spend in 2023, leveraging social media to engage customers. These trends highlight how the FMCG sector is adapting to a digital, conscious, and aspirational India. Opportunities for Businesses in FMCG The growth of the FMCG industry in India opens doors for businesses, from startups to established players. Here are key opportunities: Rural Market Expansion: With rural areas contributing 35% of FMCG sales, brands can tap into this market with affordable, small-pack products. A soap brand in Rajasthan can target village Kirana stores. Innovation in Products: Developing health-focused or sustainable products, like millet-based snacks, aligns with consumer demand. A startup in Chennai could launch organic juices. Digital Platforms: E-commerce and social media allow small businesses to reach wider audiences. A homemade pickle maker in Gujarat can sell nationwide via Instagram. Partnerships with Quick Commerce: Collaborating with platforms like Swiggy Instamart enables faster delivery, boosting sales for brands in Delhi or Hyderabad. Export Potential: Government incentives make exporting FMCG products, like spices or snacks, viable for businesses in Kochi or Surat. These opportunities empower businesses to innovate and scale in a dynamic market. Hurdles Facing the FMCG Sector Despite its growth, the FMCG industry in India faces challenges that require strategic solutions: Intense Competition: Domestic giants like ITC and new D2C brands like Ustraa create a crowded market, pressuring margins for a shampoo brand in Pune. Rising Input Costs: Inflation increases raw material costs, affecting profitability for biscuit makers in Kanpur. Distribution Complexity: Reaching remote areas or managing fragmented Kirana networks is costly and logistically challenging. Regulatory Shifts: Policies like bans on single-use plastics force packaging changes, impacting costs for a detergent brand in Lucknow. Consumer Shifts: Rapidly changing preferences, like demand for vegan products, require constant innovation from brands in Bengaluru. Addressing these hurdles through technology and agility is crucial for sustained growth. WareIQ: Powering FMCG Growth with Seamless Logistics At WareIQ, we understand the logistics needs of FMCG businesses in India. Our Y Combinator-backed platform streamlines supply chains, helping brands deliver products efficiently. Whether you are a D2C startup in Mumbai or a traditional FMCG brand in Ahmedabad, WareIQ supports your growth. Nationwide Delivery: Store products in 12+ fulfilment centres, reaching 27,000+ pin codes quickly. AI-Driven Inventory: Our Inventory LogIQ tool prevents stockouts, ensuring availability during festive rushes. Multi-Channel Integration: Manage sales across Amazon, Flipkart, and your website from one dashboard. Fast Returns Processing: Handle returns effortlessly, keeping customers satisfied. With WareIQ, FMCG brands can focus on innovation while we ensure products reach every doorstep. Final Thoughts The FMCG industry in India is thriving, fuelled by rising incomes, digital growth, and evolving consumer preferences. With a projected market size of $220 billion by 2025, the sector offers immense opportunities for businesses to innovate and expand. By embracing trends like e-commerce and sustainability, brands can connect with India’s diverse consumers, from urban hubs to rural heartlands. With solutions like WareIQ, FMCG businesses can navigate challenges and deliver value, shaping a brighter future for India’s economy and its people. Frequently Asked Questions What is the FMCG sector in India?The FMCG sector in India includes fast-moving consumer goods like toiletries, packaged foods, and healthcare products, known for frequent purchases and low costs.What is the growth rate of FMCG in India in 2025?The FMCG sector is expected to grow at 7-9% in revenue in FY25, driven by increased volume and rural demand recovery, according to CRISIL.What are the growth drivers of the FMCG industry?Key drivers include rising incomes, urbanisation, a young population, digital adoption, and government policies like PLI schemes.What is the market size of the FMCG sector in India?The FMCG market was valued at $110 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $615.87 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 27.9% from 2021 to 2027, per the India Brand Equity Foundation.Which is India’s No. 1 FMCG company?Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is often considered India’s leading FMCG company, with brands like Dove and Knorr.What are the products of FMCG in India?FMCG products include personal care (soap, shampoo), food and beverages (biscuits, juices), household care (detergents), and OTC healthcare items.

September 15, 2025